5. Attitudes toward spirituality and religion
Spirituality and religion can be defined in many different ways, and the distinction between the two concepts often is muddy. For the purposes of this analysis, spirituality refers to beliefs or feelings about supernatural phenomena, such as life after…
6. Religion and society
Overall, fewer than half of respondents across Western Europe regularly take part in civic activities, such as participating in a performing arts group, charitable organization, church or religious group, sports club or any other community group or ass…
1. Nationalism, immigration and minorities
Europe’s religious landscape is changing: The Christian share of the population is declining while the religiously unaffiliated population is increasing. In addition, Muslim populations in Western European countries continue to grow in both absolute an…
Appendix B: Methodology
Pew Research Center conducted surveys among 24,599 adults (ages 18 and older) across 15 countries in Western Europe. Interviewing was carried out under the direction of GfK Belgium by telephone (both cellphones and landlines) from April to August 2017….
2. Religious identity
Most people in Western Europe identify as Christians. But across the region, fewer people say they are currently Christian than say they were baptized or raised as Christians. In every country, net losses for Christians are accompanied by net gains for…
Acknowledgements
This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals. Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/religion. Research Team Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research Gregory A. Smith, Associate Directo…
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